La comunicación de los enfermeros en el empoderamiento de las personas con enfermedad crónica: scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37914/riis.v9.521Palabras clave:
enfermería, enfermedad crónica, comunicación en salud, revisión de alcanceResumen
Marco contextual: una proporción significativa de la información transmitida en contextos clínicos se olvida o se retiene de manera incorrecta, comprometiendo la gestión de la enfermedad. La comunicación en salud es un elemento central de la práctica enfermera para capacitar a la persona adulta con enfermedad crónica y a sus familiares/cuidadores. Objetivo: mapear la evidencia científica existente sobre las técnicas de comunicación utilizadas por enfermeros en la capacitación de la persona adulta con enfermedad crónica y de sus familiares/cuidadores. Metodología: se realizó una scoping review de acuerdo con la metodología del Joanna Briggs Institute y las directrices de reporte PRISMA-ScR, con búsquedas en las bases de datos MEDLINE y CINAHL. El protocolo fue registrado en la Open Science Framework (OSF; DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/VNZFA). La selección, extracción y síntesis de los datos fueron realizadas por dos revisores independientes. Resultados: se incluyeron 12 estudios que identificaron técnicas de comunicación como teach-back, comunicación centrada en la construcción de una alianza, chunk and check, comunicación centrada en la solución y promoción del uso de preguntas. Los estudios rara vez distinguen las técnicas dirigidas específicamente a la persona adulta o a los familiares/cuidadores. Conclusión: la revisión permitió mapear las técnicas de comunicación descritas, evidenciando lagunas en su documentación y en la especificación de los destinatarios. Se recomienda que futuras investigaciones profundicen en su aplicación práctica y clarifiquen los grupos destinatarios.
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Derechos de autor 2026 António Vila Pouca, Cecília Rodrigues, Inês Brás
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
