El periné íntegro en la salud de la mujer en el posparto: scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37914/riis.v9.431Palabras clave:
parto, perineo, salud de la mujerResumen
Marco contextual: la integridad perineal es un indicador de la calidad de la atención obstétrica y un determinante de la salud de la mujer en el posparto, con impacto en múltiples dominios, incluidos el dolor perineal, la continencia urinaria y fecal, la función sexual, la función muscular del suelo pélvico y la salud mental. La evidencia disponible se encuentra dispersa y carece de mapeo integrador. Objetivos: mapear la evidencia disponible sobre los resultados de salud asociados a la integridad perineal en el posparto. Metodología: scoping review realizada en las bases de datos CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE, Eric, MedicLatina y Cochrane Library, complementada con búsqueda de literatura gris en RCAAP. Se incluyeron 32 estudios publicados entre 1994 y 2024. Resultados: los estudios incluidos mapean cinco dominios de resultados: dolor perineal (n=15), función sexual (n=13), incontinencia urinaria y anal (n=8), función muscular del suelo pélvico (n=7) y salud mental (n=1). Los estudios que estratifican los hallazgos por condición perineal documentan una tendencia aparente de menor frecuencia e intensidad de los resultados adversos en mujeres con periné íntegro, sin que sea posible establecer relaciones causales. Conclusión: la evidencia mapeada sustenta la relevancia clínica de la preservación perineal; la heterogeneidad metodológica del corpus limita la transferibilidad de los hallazgos e impone cautela interpretativa.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Alexandrina Cardoso, Filipa Ramos
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